Sentence Analysis

The main clause of the sentence is Learning appropriate social behaviors is especially important for species. Following this main clause are two relative clauses. The first one is introduced by that, which modifies the preceding species. The phrase like young monkeys serves as an example, and after this example, there is a second relative clause introduced by that, which modifies monkeys.

Vocabulary Explanation

The term give-and-take functions as a noun, meaning "mutual concession." For instance: In any relationship there always has to be some give-and-take. This indicates that mutual concessions are essential in relationships.

The verb involve means "to include or entail," and it is a frequently used word in writing. For example: Every day each of us makes decisions that involve taking a chance. This means that our daily decisions often carry an element of risk. Another example is: These changes will involve everyone on the staff. This indicates that all staff members will be affected by the changes.

Sentence Translation

Learning appropriate social behaviors is crucial, particularly for social animals like monkeys, which need to learn how to manage their selfishness and aggression, as well as understand the concept of give-and-take within their social groups.

以上就是關(guān)于托福閱讀中長難句的分析與訓(xùn)練,，希望考生們能夠掌握有效的解題技巧，輕松應(yīng)對長難句,，從而在考試中取得優(yōu)異的成績,。

托福閱讀長難句解析技巧

對于許多托福考生來說,，長難句常常是閱讀部分的一個(gè)主要障礙,。理解這些句子不僅需要詞匯量，還需要對句子結(jié)構(gòu)的敏感性,。本文將分享一些有效的解析長難句的方法，幫助你在托?？荚囍腥〉酶玫某煽?。??

1. 理解句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)

首先，識別主語,、謂語和賓語是理解長難句的第一步,。許多復(fù)雜的句子都是由多個(gè)分句組成的,。我們可以通過尋找句子的核心成分來簡化理解。例如：

Example: The book that was written by the famous author, which has won several awards, is on the table.

在這個(gè)句子中,，主句是“The book is on the table”，而“that was written by the famous author”和“which has won several awards”是修飾主句的定語從句,。通過識別主句,，我們可以更容易地理解整個(gè)句子的意思。

2. 使用標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號作為線索

標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號在長難句中起著重要的作用,。逗號,、分號和冒號等可以幫助我們分隔句子中的不同部分。了解這些標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號的用法,，可以幫助我們快速定位句子的結(jié)構(gòu),。例如：

Example: The research conducted by the scientists, despite facing numerous challenges, yielded significant results.

在這個(gè)例子中，逗號幫助我們識別出“despite facing numerous challenges”是一個(gè)插入語,，主句是“The research yielded significant results”,。

3. 注意連接詞的使用

連接詞在長難句中幫助我們理解句子之間的關(guān)系。常見的連接詞包括“although”,、“because”,、“however”等。它們通常指示因果關(guān)系或?qū)Ρ汝P(guān)系,。例如：

Example: Although the weather was bad, the event, which had been planned for months, went ahead as scheduled.

在這個(gè)句子中,，“Although”引導(dǎo)了一個(gè)讓步狀語從句，表明盡管天氣不好,，但活動仍然按計(jì)劃進(jìn)行。

4. 多讀多練,，積累經(jīng)驗(yàn)

最后,，多讀是提高長難句解析能力的關(guān)鍵,。建議考生可以選擇一些托福閱讀材料進(jìn)行練習(xí),，逐步提高自己的理解能力。同時(shí),，可以嘗試做一些模擬題,，檢驗(yàn)自己的掌握情況。以下是一個(gè)練習(xí)題：

Practice Question: The theory, proposed by the researcher, which has been widely accepted in the scientific community, explains the phenomenon.

Question: What is the main point of the sentence?

通過這樣的練習(xí),，考生可以逐漸適應(yīng)長難句的閱讀,，并提高解題能力。??

5. 參考資料和資源

為了進(jìn)一步提升閱讀能力,，考生可以參考一些相關(guān)書籍和網(wǎng)站,，例如：

• Books: "The Official Guide to the TOEFL Test" and "Barron's TOEFL iBT"
• Websites: ETS TOEFL website and Magoosh TOEFL Blog

通過不斷學(xué)習(xí)和實(shí)踐,，考生將能夠有效地應(yīng)對托福閱讀中的長難句挑戰(zhàn),。??

Understanding Social Behavior in Social Animals

When preparing for the TOEFL, one important topic that often appears in reading passages is social behavior in social animals. This subject not only tests your comprehension skills but also your ability to analyze complex interactions within animal communities. ??

Key Concepts to Focus On

1. Cooperation: Many social animals exhibit cooperative behavior, which is essential for survival. For instance, wolves hunt in packs, increasing their chances of capturing prey. This cooperation can be seen as a strategy to enhance the survival rates of individual members. ??

2. Communication: Communication plays a vital role in social interactions among animals. Whether through vocalizations, body language, or chemical signals, effective communication helps maintain social bonds and coordinate group activities. For example, dolphins use a variety of clicks and whistles to convey information. ??

3. Hierarchical Structures: In many species, social hierarchies dictate access to resources and mating opportunities. Understanding these structures can provide insights into the dynamics of animal groups. For instance, in primate societies, dominant individuals often have priority access to food and mates. ??

Common Vocabulary Related to Social Behavior

As you study this topic, familiarize yourself with key vocabulary that frequently appears in TOEFL reading passages:

• Altruism: Selfless concern for the well-being of others.
• Reciprocity: Mutual exchange of resources or services.
• Kin Selection: Evolutionary strategy favoring reproductive success of an organism's relatives.
• Territoriality: The defense of a bounded physical space against encroachment by others.

Sample Reading Passage

Reading Text: "In many species, social behavior is shaped by the need for cooperation and communication. For instance, bees work together to build hives and gather food, showcasing a remarkable level of organization and teamwork. Similarly, elephants demonstrate strong social bonds, often helping each other in times of distress."

Practice Questions

After reading the passage, consider these questions to test your understanding:

• What are two examples of social behavior mentioned in the passage?
• How does cooperation benefit social animals?

Listening Practice

Listening skills are equally important. Here’s a sample listening text you might encounter:

Listening Text: "Many social animals exhibit behaviors that enhance their survival. For example, in a pride of lions, females often work together to hunt while males protect the territory. This division of labor allows them to thrive in their environment."

Additional Tips for TOEFL Preparation

1. Practice Regularly: Consistency is key. Set aside time each day to read about social animals and their behaviors. This will help improve both your reading and vocabulary skills. ??

2. Engage with Diverse Materials: Use various sources such as articles, documentaries, and research papers to gain different perspectives on social behavior. This will prepare you for the variety of texts you may encounter on the TOEFL. ??

3. Discuss with Peers: Engaging in discussions with fellow TOEFL candidates can deepen your understanding of the material. Consider forming study groups to share insights and quiz each other. ??

在托?？荚囍校喿x部分是一個(gè)非常重要的環(huán)節(jié),。許多考生在這一部分常常會犯一些錯(cuò)誤,，尤其是在句型理解上。本文將為大家分析一些常見的易錯(cuò)句型,，并提供一些實(shí)用的建議,，以幫助考生更好地應(yīng)對托福閱讀。

一,、定語從句的誤解

定語從句是托福閱讀中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的句型,，它通常用于修飾名詞。然而,，考生常常會在以下方面出現(xiàn)誤解：

• 關(guān)系代詞的選擇：例如,，"The book that I borrowed from the library is fascinating." 在這里，"that" 是正確的選擇,，而不是 "which",。
• 從句位置的混淆：例如，"The students who studied hard passed the exam." 有些考生可能會誤認(rèn)為 "who" 修飾 "the exam",，而實(shí)際上它修飾的是 "the students",。

Tip: 在閱讀時(shí)，注意從句所修飾的名詞,，確保理解其關(guān)系,。

二、非謂語動詞的誤用

非謂語動詞包括不定式,、動名詞和分詞,，這些結(jié)構(gòu)在托福閱讀中也很常見,?？忌谝韵路矫娉鲥e(cuò)：

• 動名詞與不定式的混淆：例如，"I enjoy reading books." 和 "I want to read books." 中,，"enjoy" 后面要用動名詞,，而 "want" 后面則要用不定式。
• 分詞的誤用：例如,，"Having finished the homework, he went out to play." 在這里,，"Having finished" 是一個(gè)正確的分詞結(jié)構(gòu),。

Tip: 理解非謂語動詞的用法，特別是在句子中的功能,。

三,、介詞短語的誤解

介詞短語在托福閱讀中也經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)，考生容易在以下方面出錯(cuò)：

• 介詞的搭配：例如,，"interested in" 和 "good at" 是固定搭配,，不可隨意更換。
• 介詞短語的位置：例如,，"The results of the experiment were surprising." 有些考生可能會誤認(rèn)為 "of the experiment" 修飾 "surprising",。

Tip: 熟悉常見的介詞搭配,，提高對介詞短語的理解能力,。

四、句子結(jié)構(gòu)的復(fù)雜性

托福閱讀中的句子往往較為復(fù)雜,，包含多個(gè)從句或并列結(jié)構(gòu),。考生常常在句子解析時(shí)遇到困難：

• 并列句的理解：例如,，"He likes to swim, and she prefers to run." 在這里,，兩個(gè)獨(dú)立分句通過 "and" 連接。
• 嵌套句的解析：例如,，"The teacher, who has been teaching for over twenty years, gave us valuable advice." 需要注意嵌套結(jié)構(gòu)的層次關(guān)系,。

Tip: 嘗試將復(fù)雜句拆分成簡單句，逐步理解每個(gè)部分的意思,。

五,、常見詞匯的誤用

托福閱讀中有些詞匯的含義容易被考生誤解。例如：

• 詞義的多重性：例如,，"bark" 可以指樹皮,，也可以指狗叫聲，考生需根據(jù)上下文判斷,。
• 同義詞的替換：例如,，"happy" 和 "joyful" 雖然意思相近，但在某些語境下可能不完全等同,。

Tip: 增加詞匯量,，熟悉詞匯的不同用法和語境。

通過以上分析,，希望考生們能夠在托福閱讀中更加自信,，提高自己的閱讀理解能力。記住,，多加練習(xí),，掌握這些易錯(cuò)句型,，將有助于你在考試中取得更好的成績！???